Master’s
Area of Concentration: Ecology
1. Mandatory Disciplines
Dissertation (6 Credit Units, 90 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Development of research project presented during the admission selection, or another modified and approved by the program, being previously presented and defended as a project in the Qualification activity, and later, defended in the form of Master's Dissertation.
Bibliography: Variable according to the project developed.
Teaching Internship (2 Credit Units, 30 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Variable according to the discipline that the student will act as monitor.
Bibliography: Variable, depending on the discipline that the student acting as monitor.
Statistics Applied to Ecological Studies (4 Credit Units, 60 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: General concepts for environmental analysis, data types, accuracy of measures. Experimental delineation, theoretical and empirical distributions of frequencies, probability, estimates. Tests of parametric and non-parametric hypotheses: Test t (Mann-whytney), Anova (Kruskal-Wallis), Pearson correlation (Spearman correlation), Chi-Square. Regression models. Use of applications for computer analysis. Introduction to R. Introduction to multivariate analysis.
Bibliography: CRAWLEY, Michael.J; The R Book. 2007; GOTELLI, N .; ELLISON, A.M. Principles of statistics in ecology. ArtMed. 2011; SOKAL, R.R .; ROHLF, F.J. Introduction to biostatistics. Dover. 2009; TRIOLA, M.F. Introduction to statistics. LTC. 2005; ZAR. J.H. Bioestatiscal analysis. Prentice Hall. 2010
Field Ecology (6 Credit Units, 90 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Techniques for data collection in the field. Discussion and practical application of ecological concepts. Improvement of presentation techniques and writing of scientific papers. Training in formulating and analyzing relevant issues in ecology. Bibliography: Various articles on faunistic and floristic inventories.
Biodiversity Seminars (2 Credit Units, 30 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Presentation and discussion of the ongoing research theme related to the master's thesis. Guidance on presentation techniques of scientific works. Bibliography: To be defined according to the subject chosen by the student.
2. Elective disciplines
Biology of Macroscopic Fungi (3 Credit Units, 45 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Basidiomycetes; ascomycetes; life cycle; nutrition; physiology; morphological and molecular identification tools.
Bibliography: AINSWORTH, C. G. 1976. Introduction to the History of Mycology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 242 p; BOA, E. Non-wood forest products 17: Wild Edible Fungi - A global overview of their use and importance to people. Rome: FAO, 148 p. 2004; EVERT, R. F.; EICHHORN; S. E. Raven Biology of plant. 8th ed., W.H. Freeman, 880p. 2012; KENDRICK, B. The fifth kingdom. 3rd ed., Newburyport: Focus Publishing, 374 p. 2000; KIRK, P. F .; CANNON, P.F .; STALPERS, J.A. Dictionary of the fungi, 10th ed., CABI Europe, 771 p. 2008; MADIGAN, M.T .; MARTINKO, J.M .; STAHL, D .; KLARK. D.P. Brock biology of microorganisms. 13th Ed., Benjaming Cummings, 1152p. 2010; PELCZAR, M.J.; CHAN, E. C. S .; KRIEG, N.R. Microbiology - Concepts and applications. 2nd ed. Makron Books. 1996; TORTORA, G.J.; FUNKE, B.R.; CASE, C.L. Microbiology: an introduction. 11th ed. Bejamin Cummings, 960 p. 2012; WEBSTER, J; WEBER, R. W.S. Introduction to Fungi. 3rd ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University, 841 p. 2007.
Economic Botany (3 Credit Units, 45 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Plant Systematics. Domestication and cultivation. Poaceae used by man. Latex supply plants. Oleriferous and ceriferous plants; Plants producing exudates. Aromatic plants. Condiment plants. Fruit species native to the Amazon. Wood species. Ornamental plants. Toxic plants. Invasive plants. Bioprospecting.
Bibliography: ARANHA, C.; LEITÃO Filho, H.F.; YAHN, C.A. Invasive Plant Systematics. Campinas, SP: Instituto Campineiro de Ensino Agrícola, 174 p. 1987; LORENZI, H. Weeds of Brazil: terrestrial, aquatic, parasitic and toxic. 4th ed. Nova Odessa, SP: Instituto Plantarum, 672 p. 2008; LORENZI, H. Brazilian Trees: manual for identification and cultivation of native tree plants in Brazil. vol. 1st ed. Nova Odessa, SP: Instituto Plantarum, 384 p. 2009; LORENZI, H.; SOUZA, H.M. Ornamental Plants in Brazil: shrub, herbaceous and climbing plants. 4th ed. Nova Odessa, SP: Editora Plantarum, 1,120 p. 2008; LORENZI, H. Medicinal Plants in Brazil: native and exotic. 2ª ed., Nova Odessa, SP: Instituto Plantarum, 576 p. 2008; MATOS, F.J.A.; et al. Toxic Plants: study of chemical phytotoxicology of Brazilian plants. Nova Odessa, SP: Plantarum Institute, 256 p. 2011; PIMENTEL, A.A.M.P. Cultivation of medicinal plants in the Amazon. Belém, PA: FCAP, Documentation and Information Service, 114 p. 1994; PITTA, G.P.B.; CARDOSO, R.M.G .; CARDOSO, E.J.B.N. Diseases of Ornamental Plants. São Paulo, SP: Brazilian Institute of the Scientific Book, 186 p. 1989; RAVEN, P.H.; EVERT, R.F .; EICHHORN, S.E. Plant Biology. Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara Koogan, 906 p. 2001; RIZZINI C.T. Brazilian Phytogeography Treaty. São Paulo, HUCITEC / EDUSP, v.1 and 2. 1979; SOUZA, V.C.; LORENZI, H. Systematic Botany: illustrated guide for the identification of families of native and exotic Phanerogams in Brazil, based on APG II. 2ª ed., Nova Odessa, SP: Instituto Plantarum, 704 p. 2008; VAN DEN BERG, E. Economic Botany. Lavras, MG: UFLA, 56 p. 2005; VAN DEN BERG, M.E. Medicinal plants in the Amazon: contribution to their systematic knowledge. 3rd ed. Bethlehem, PA: MPEG, 268 p. 2010
Conservation of Plant Germplasm ¨in vitro¨ (3 Credit Units, 45 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: History of biotechnology in Brazil and concepts used in the area. Germplasm banks. Cellular totipotency and in vitro regeneration. Plant Tissue Culture. Micropropagation. Cryopreservation.
Bibliography: FREITAS, L. B .; BERED, F. (Org.). Genetics and Plant Evolution. 1st ed. Porto Alegre: UFRGS, v. 1. 463p. 2003; SOUZA, A. da S.; JUNGHANS, T.G. (Org.). Introduction to Plant Micropropagation. 1st ed. Cruz das Almas: Embrapa Cassava and Tropical Fruit, v. 1. 152p. 2006; TERMIGNONI, R.R. Plant tissue culture. Porto Alegre: UFRGS. 182 p. 2005.
Plant Diversity (3 Credit Units, 45 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Introduction to plant biodiversity and agrobiodiversity, the value of Amazonian biodiversity. Global threats to plant biodiversity and the consequences of loss, hotspots, deforestation and introduced species. Important actions, conventions and strategies for the conservation of Amazonian biodiversity, IUCN red list categories. In situ preservation (reserves, parks, methods and initiatives) and ex situ (botanical gardens, seed banks). Ethnobotany, conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. Sustainable use in the Amazon (agroforestry, ecotourism, extractivism).
Bibliography: ARAGÓN, L.E. (org.) The ecological disorder in the Amazon. Belém, UFPA, 468 p. (Series Cooperation Amazon). 1991; JOLY, C. A .; et al. Evolution of the Brazilian phytogeography classification systems: Implications for biodiversity conservation. Science & Culture, 51 (5/6): 331-348. 1999; LEITE, M. (ed.) Amazon: natural resources and history. Science & Environment, 31: 1-166. 2005; LISBOA, P.L.B. (org.). Caxiuanã: Traditional populations, Physical Environment & Biological Diversity. Bethlehem, MPEG, 734 p. 2002; PIFIEDO-VASQUEZ, M .; et al. Use values of tree species in a communal forest reserve in Northeast Peru. Conservation Biology 405 p.1990; RAVEN, P.H .; EVERT, R.F .; EICHHORN, S.E. Plant Biology. Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara Koogan, 906 p. 2001; RIZZINI C.T. Brazilian Phytogeography Treaty. São Paulo, HUCITEC / EDUSP, v.1 and 2. 1979; VERÍSSIMO, A.; et al (eds.). Biodiversity in the Brazilian Amazon. São Paulo, Instituto Socio Ambiental and Editora Estação Liberdade, 540 p. 2000.
Plant Ecophysiology (3 Credit Units, 45 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: The plant in the ecosystem. Radiant energy. Use and cycling of mineral elements. Interaction between plants: competition. Physiological responses to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Adaptive strategies. Bibliography: TAIZ, L.; ZEIGER, E. Plant Physiology. 3ª ed, Porto Alegre: Artmed Editora, 2004. 719p; KERBAUY, G.B., Plant Physiology. 1ª ed, Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 2004. 452p. 2004; LARCHER, W. Plant Ecophysiology. São Carlos: Rima Arts and Texts, 531p. 2000.
Ecology of Aquatic Environments (4 Credit Units, 60 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Description and characteristics of major aquatic environments and organisms. Physical and chemical properties of water. Structure and productivity of aquatic ecosystems. Dynamics of oxygen and salinity of water. Biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, silica and iron. Biological and abiotic limiting factors. Planktonic communities (algae, cyanobacteria, zooplankton and ichthyoplankton). Benthic communities (macroalgae, aquatic plants, zoobenthos). Sediment and its biota. Anthropogenic impacts on continental aquatic ecosystems. Management and conservation of aquatic ecosystems.
Bibliography: BICUDO, C. E. (Org.); TUNDISI, J.G. (Org.); Scheuenstuhl, B. M. (Org.) Waters in Brazil: Strategic Analyzes. 1ª. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Brazilian Academy of Sciences,. v. 200. 285p. 2010; BRÖNMARK, C., HANSSON, L-A. The biology of lakes and ponds. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 216p. 2001; ESTEVES, F. A. Fundamentals of limnology. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. Interciência, 602p. 1998; MOSS, B. Ecology of freshwaters: Man and medium, past to future. 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 557p. 2001; STRAŠKRABA, M. Retention time as a key variable of reservoir limnology. Theoretical reservoir ecology and its application. In: TUNDISI, J. G.; TRINDADE, C.R. T .; PEREIRA, S. A .; ALBERTONI, E. F .; PALMA-SILVA, C. Characterization and importance of aquatic macrophytes with emphasis in the limnological environments of the Carreiros campus - FURG, Rio Grande, RS. TUNDISI, J. G., MATSUMURA-TUNDISI, T. Limnology. Texts Workshop, São Paulo, 632p. 2008.
Genetics of Conservation (4 Credit Units, 60 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Introduction to Genetics of Conservation, Genetic Diversity, Evolutionary Units and Biodiversity, IUCN Threat Categories, Environmental Legislation and Conservation. Evolution in small populations and maintenance of genetic diversity, Endogamy, Inbreeding Depression, Natural Selection and Genetically Viable Populations. Solving taxonomic uncertainties, Systematics, Barcodes. Population structure, Population fragmentation, Exogamic depression. Phylogeography, Genetics and management of wild and captive populations, Forensic genetics applied to conservation.
Bibliography: AVISE J C. Phylogeography: The history and formation of species. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, MA. 447p, 2000; BORÉM, A; SANTOS, F R. Understanding biotechnology. Viçosa, MG: Federal University of Viçosa, 342 p. 2008; FERREIRA, M E; GRATTAPAGLIA, D. Introduction to the use of molecular markers in genetic analysis. Embrapa, 220 p. 1998; FRANKHAM, R.; J. D. BALLOU, & D. A. BRISCOE. Introduction to genetic conservation. Sao Paulo. Holos publisher, 259 p. 2008.
Genetics of Populations and Phylogeography (4 Credit Units, 60 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Selection of Molecular Markers, Population Structure and Gene Flow, Historical Demographics and Population Size, Genetic Distances and Population Differences, and Limits of Species using Multiloca approaches (several genes simultaneously). Use of various software such as Harlequin, DNAsp, Alleles in Space, Isolation with Migration (IMa), Beast, Brownie. The course will be focused on theoretical-practical approaches, with theoretical classes in the morning followed by practical classes in the afternoon, using real data to test hypotheses.
Bibliography: AVISE J C. Phylogeography: The history and formation of species. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, MA. 447 p, 2000; AVISE J C. Molecular Markers, Natural History, and Evolution. 2ªed. Sinauer, Sunderland, 2004; TEMPLETON, A. R. Population genetics and microevolutionary theory. SBG. Sao Paulo. 705p, 2011; ART, D., CLARK, A. G. Principles of population genetics. Artmed. São Paulo, 659p. 2010
Geology and Paleoclimatology of the Amazon (4 Credit Units, 60 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: The Amazon in the context of the tectonic provinces of South America. Geological configuration of the Amazon: the Amazonian craton, the Andean chain, the foreland basins, the Acre craton basins, Solimões and Amazonas, the Mouth of the Amazonas basin. Tectonic and climatic evolution. Characteristics and distribution of Cenozoic sediments. Neotectonics. Quaternary climatic events and the current climate. The Intertropical Convergence Zone and the Amazon monsoon system. Geomorphology and sedimentary dynamics of the Amazon river system. Biogeographic Provinces. Mineral and energy resources. Other aspects of interest.
Bibliography:
Geoprocessing Applied to Ecology (2 Credit Units, 30 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Concepts of geographic information systems (GIS). Why GIS in Ecology? Spatial representation of ecological data. Data sources for geoprocessing. Operations with maps. Spatial integration of environmental data. Geographical analysis. Modeling in GIS.
Bibliography: FITZ, P. R. Basic Cartography. São Paulo, Ed. Oficina de Textos, 2008; FITZ, P. R. Geoprocessing without complication. São Paulo: Oficina de Textos, 2008; FLORENZANO, T. G. Initiation in remote sensing. São Paulo: Oficina de Textos, 2007. PAESE, A; UEZU, A; LORINI, M.L; CUNHA, A (Org.). Biodiversity conservation with GIS. São Paulo: Oficina de Textos, 2012.
Ichthyology and Classification of Amazonian Fish (3 Credit Units, 45 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Classification and phylogenetic scheme of the actinopterygii, with focus on the Amazonian ichthyofauna; Identification of the main Amazonian groups and species; Aquatic environments: definition, characterization and diversity; Fish diversity, trophic interrelations and reproductive aspects; Ecology of communities and populations and fisheries biology. Bibliography: AGOSTINHO, A. A.; GOMES, L.C.; PELICICE F. M. Ecology and Management of Fishery Resources in Reservoirs in Brazil. They teach: Maringá. 501p, 2007; BATISTA, V.S. & PETRERE JR., M. Characterization of the commercial fish production landed at Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. Acta Amazonica. 2003; CLARO-JR, L.H.; FERREIRA, E.J.G .; ZUANON, J .; ARAÚJO, C.A.R.M. The effect of flooded forest on the feeding of three species of omnivorous fish in floodplain lakes of Central Amazonia, Brazil. Acta Amazonica. 2004; COX-FERNANDES, C. Lateral migration of fishes in Amazon floodplains. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 1997; CUNICO, A.M.; GRAÇA, W.J.; VERÍSSIMO, S.; BINI, L.M. Influence of the hydrological level on the fish assemblage in a seasonally isolated lagoon of the floodplain of the Upper Paraná River. Acta Scientiarum, 2002; JUNK, W.J.; BAYLEY, P.B.; SPARKS, R.E. The flood pulse concept in river-floodplain systems. Proceedings of the International Large River Symposium, Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 1989; KREBS, C.J. Ecological Methodology. Harper and Row, New York, 1989; LOWE-MCCONNELL, R.H. Ecological Studies of Tropical Fish Communities/R.H. LoweMcConnell; translation Anna Emília A. de M. Vazzoler, Angelo Antônio Agostinho, Patrícia T.M. Cunnhingham. São Paulo: Publisher of the University of São Paulo, 534p, 1999; MALABARBA; LUIZ R., Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical fishes. EDIPUCRS SAINT-PAUL, U.; ZUANON, J A S., VILLACORT CORREA, M .; GARCIA, M .; FABRÉ, N .; BERG, U .; JUNK, J. Fish communities in central Amazonian white-and-blackwater floodplains. Enviromental Biology of Fishes. 2000.
Management and Use of Wildlife (3 Credit Units, 45 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Definition and importance of natural resources: the process of domestication and use of wild animals. Objectives of the creation of wild animals: creation with economic ends, with scientific purpose and protection of endangered species. Reproduction, feeding and nutrition of wild animals in captivity. Management techniques of selected species of wild animals; National experiences of wild animals for economic purposes and preservation of species. The role of the technician, the entities and the Brazilian legislation.
Bibliography:
Methods of Phylogenetic Analysis (3 Credit Units, 45 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Theoretical foundations of phylogenetic analysis methods. Main variants of parsimony analysis. Know the concepts of polarization, character, types of parsimony, optimizations, ordering, consensus, search algorithms. Know the different types of software to search for trees. Matrix constructions and the use of software (WinClada, Mesquite). Analyzes and main parameters for use in TNT, PAUP.
Bibliography: AMORIM, D.S. Fundamentals of Phylogenetic Systematics, 2nd. Ed, Holos. 2002. SCHNEIDER, H. Methods of Phylogenetic Analysis, 3rd. Ed. Holos. 2007; GOLOBOFF, P.A., J. S. Farris & K.C. Nixon. TNT, a free program for phylogenetic analysis. Cladistics, 2008; SWOFFORD, D.L. PAUP: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony: (and other methods), version 4.0. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates, 1998.
Multivariate Methods and Ecological Studies (3 Credit Units, 45 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Introduction on multivariate methods in the analysis of ecological data. Measures of similarity in multivariate structures for biotic and environmental data, including pre-treatment options and effects of choosing different coefficients. Sampling cluster analysis (CLUSTER), including a global test to detect the presence of multivariate structures in a biotic and environmental data matrix. Sorting of environmental data through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Sorting Assembly Data Using Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (nMDS). Multivariate tests to detect differences between groups of samples. Determination of variables that discriminate groups of samples. Comparison of multivariate patterns. Diversity measures.
Bibliografia: CLARKE, K.R.; WARWICK, R.M. A taxonomic distinctness index and its statistical properties. J Appl Ecol. 1998; CLARKE, K.R; WARWICK, R.M. The taxonomic distinctness measure of biodiversity: weighting of step lengths between hierarchical levels. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 1999; CLARKE, K.R; WARWICK, R.M. A further biodiversity index applicable to species lists: variation in taxonomic distinctness. Mar Ecol Progr Ser. 2001; CLARKE KR, WARWICK RM. Change in Marine Communities: An Approach to Statistical Analysis and Interpretation, 2nd ed. PRIMER-E: Plymouth, UK, 172 p, 2001; FIELD J.G; CLARKE K.R; WARWICK R.M. A practical strategy for analysing multispecies distribution patterns. Mar Ecol Progr Ser. 1982; GRAY J.S; CLARKE K.R; WARWICK R.M, HOBBS G. Detection of initial effects of pollutants on marine benthos: an example from the Ekofisk and Eldfisk oilfields, N Sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 1990; OLSGARD F., SOMERFIELD P.J., CARR M.R. Relationships between taxonomic resolution and data transformations in analyses of amacrobenthic community along an established pollution gradient. Mar Ecol Progr Ser. 1997. SOMERFIELD P.J., CLARKE K.R. Taxonomic levels, in marine community studies, revisited. Mar Ecol Progr Ser. 1995; SOMERFIELD, P.J.; CLARKE, K.R; OLSGARD F. A comparison of the power of categorical and correlational tests applied to communityecology data from gradient studies. J Anim Ecol. 2002; SOMERFIELD, P.J.; CLARKE, K.R; WARWICK, R.M.; DULVY, N.K. Average functional distinctness as a measure of the composition of assemblages. ICES J Mar Sci. 2008; WARWICK, R.M. A new method for detecting pollution effects on marine macrobenthic communities. Mar Biol. 1986; WARWICK, R.M.; CLARKE, K.R.; The effect of disturbance by soldier crabs, Mictyris platycheles H Milne Edwards, on meiobenthic community structure. J. exp mar Biol Ecol. 1990; WARWICK, R.M.; CLARKE, K.R. A comparison of some methods for analysing changes in benthic community structure. J Mar Biol Ass UK. 1991; WARWICK, R.M.; CLARKE, K.R. Increased variability as a symptom of stress in marine communities. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol. 1993; WARWICK, R.M.; CLARKE, K.R. New ‘biodiversity’ measures reveal a decrease in taxonomic distinctness with increasing stress. Mar Ecol Progr Ser. 1995; WARWICK, R.M.; CLARKE, K.R. Practical measures of marine biodiversity based on relatedness of species. Oceanog Mar Biol Annu Rev 39, 2001.
Environmental Microbiology (3 Credit Units, 45 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Classification of bacteria, fungi and protozoa; Identification techniques; Quantification techniques; Microbial diversity in the Amazon; Microbial interactions with plants and animals; Biogeochemical cycles; Applied Microbiology.
Bibliography: AINSWORTH, C. G. Introduction to the History of Mycology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 242 p., 1976; ALEXOPOULOS, C. J.; MIMS, C.W.; BLACKWELL, M. Introductory Mycology. 4th ed., USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 869 p., 1996; BOA, E. Non-wood forest products 17: Wild Edible Fungi - A global overview of their use and importance to people. Rome: FAO, 148 p., 2004; CARLILE, M. J.; WATKINSON, S.C.; GOODAY, G. W. The Fungi. 2nd ed., UK: Elsevier Ltd., 588 p. 2004; DE AZEVEDO, J.L.; DE MELO, I.S. Environmental Microbiology. 2nd ed. Embrapa. 647p, 2008; GRIFFIN, D.H. Fungal Physiology. . 2nd ed., New York: Wiley-Liss, 458 p., 1994. HYDE, K.D.; JONES, E.B.G. Fungal Succession, Fungal Diversity, v. 10. 263p. 2002; KENDRICK, B. The fifth kingdom. 3rd ed., Newburyport: Focus Publishing, 374 p. 2000; KIRK, P. M., CANNON, P.F., MINTER, D.W.; STALPERS, J.A. Dictionary of the fungi. 10th ed. Wallingford: CAB International, 771 p. 2008; MADIGAN, M.T.; MARTINKO, J.M.; STAHL, D.; KLARK. D.P. Brock biology of microorganisms. 13th Ed., Benjaming Cummings, 1152p, 2010; PELCZAR, M.J.; CHAN, E. C. S.; KRIEG, N.R. Microbiology - Concepts and applications. 2nd Ed. Vol. 1 and 2. Makron Books. 1996. TORTORA, G.J.; FUNKE, B.R.; CASE, C.L. Microbiology: an introduction. 11th ed. Bejamin Cummings, 960p. 2012; WEBSTER, J .; WEBER, R. W.S. Introduction to Fungi. 3rd ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University, 841 p. 2007.
Applied Microbiology (3 Credit Units, 45 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Biocontrol of pests and diseases; use of microorganisms in the food, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries; use of microorganisms in bioremediation.
Bibliography: AINSWORTH, C. G. Introduction to the History of Mycology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 242 p. 1976; BOA, E. Non-wood forest products 17: Wild Edible Fungi - A global overview of their use and importance to people. Rome: FAO, 148 p. 2004; CARLILE, M. J.; WATKINSON, S.C.; GOODAY, G. W. The Fungi. 2nd ed., UK: Elsevier Ltd., 588 p. 2004; DE AZEVEDO, J.L.; DE MELO, I.S. Environmental Microbiology. 2nd ed. Embrapa. 647p. 2008; EVERT, R. F.; EICHHORN; S. E. Raven Biology of plant. 8th ed., W.H. Freeman, 880p. 2012; HYDE, K.D.; JONES, E.B.G. Fungal Succession, Fungal Diversity, v. 10. 263p. 2002; KENDRICK, B. The fifth kingdom. 3rd ed., Newburyport: Focus Publishing, 374 p. 2000; MADIGAN, M.T.; MARTINKO, J.M.; STAHL, D.; KLARK. D.P. Brock biology of microorganisms. 13th Ed., Benjaming Cummings, 1152 p. 2010; PELCZAR, M.J.; CHAN, E. C. S.; KRIEG, N.R. Microbiology - Concepts and applications. 2nd Ed. Vol. 1 and 2. Makron Books. 1996; TAVARES, W. Manual of Antibiotics and Chemotherapeutic anti-infectives. Rio de janeiro Brazil. 1216 p. 2001; TORTORA, G.J.; FUNKE, B.R.; CASE, C.L. Microbiology: an introduction. 11 ed. Bejamin Cummings, 960p. 2012; WEBSTER, J.; WEBER, R. W.S. Introduction to Fungi. 3rd ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University, 841 p. 2007.
Environmental Toxicology (3 Credit Units, 45 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Introduction to ecotoxicology; impacts of environmental toxicants on living systems and ecosystem processes; biomarkers to assess the presence of environmental toxicants through different biological effects; strategies of physical, chemical and biological approaches in different environmental compartments; genetic biomarkers for early assessment of changes in environmental quality. Effects on human health as a result of exposure to toxic and genotoxic agents in the environment; application of biomarkers for environmental legislation.
Bibliography: ARNDT, U.; FLORES, F.; WEINSTEIN, L. Effects of fluoride on plants. Publisher of the University-UFRGS. Porto Alegre, 1995; AZEVEDO, F.; CHASIN, A. M. Metals - Toxicity Management. Sao Paulo. Publisher Atheneu. 2003; AZEVEDO, F.; CHASIN, A. DA MATTA. The Toxicological bases of Ecotoxicology. Sao Paulo. RiMa Ed.2004; BEEBY, A. Applying Ecology. Chapman & Hall. London. 1993; ESPÍNDOLA, E.L.G.; BOTTA, C.M.R .; ROCK, O; BOHRER, M.B.; OLIVEIRA A.L. Ecotoxicology: Perspectives for the 21st Century. Publisher RiMa, São Carlos. 2000; HOFFMAN, D.; RATTNER, B .; ALLEN BURTON, Jr.; CAIRNS, J. Handbook of Ecotoxicology. Lewis Publishers. CRC Press. 1995; KNIE, J.; LOPES, E. Ecotoxicological tests: methods, techniques and applications. FATMA / GTZ. 2004; MORIARTY, F. Ecotoxicology. Editorial Academia. Leon (Spain). 1985; STERNER, O. Chemistry, Health and Environment. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. 1999; ZAGATTO, P.; BERTOLETTI, E. Aquatic Ecotoxicology. Principles and Applications. Sao Paulo. RIMA Editora. 2006.
Phylogenetic Systematics and Biogeography (4 Credit Units, 60 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: History of evolutionary thinking; the theory of evolution by natural selection; the new synthesis; evidence of evolution; introduction to phylogenetic systematics; phylogenetic reconstruction methods; parsimony analysis; concept of species and speciation; biological nomenclature; biogeography; vicariance and dispersion; distribution patterns; analyzes of the area of endemism.
Topics in Biodiversity I (3 Credit Units, 45 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Specific subjects taught on demand, according to the specialties of tenured professors, collaborators or visitors.
Bibliography: Articles and books of the area to be taught.
Topics in Biodiversity II (3 Credit Units, 45 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Specific subjects taught on demand, according to the specialties of tenured professors, collaborators or visitors.
Bibliography: Articles and books of the area to be taught.
Topics in Biodiversity III (4 Credit Units, 60 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Specific subjects taught on demand, according to the specialties of tenured professors, collaborators or visitors.
Bibliography: Articles and books of the area to be taught.